Although house models from Indus Valley Civilization show that the houses were flat roofed, Harappan sites such as Alamgirpur (dated 2600–2200 BCE) provide evidence of roof tiles. Tiled roofs first replaced thatched roofs in ancient Mesopotamia. Hip tiles are convex-shaped to cover the downward-sloping angle of a hip roof.Ī tomb mural of Xinzhou, China dated to the Northern Qi (550–577 AD) period, showing a hall with a tiled roof, dougong brackets, and doors with giant door knockers (perhaps made of bronze).Antefixes – vertical blocks which terminate the covering tiles of a tiled roof.Interlocking roof tiles – similar to pantiles with side and top locking to improve protection from water and wind.Today barrel tiles are mass-produced from clay, metal, concrete or plastic. Originally they were made by forming clay around a curved surface, often a log or the maker's thigh. Monk and nun tiles, also called mission or barrel tiles – semi- cylindrical tiles laid in alternating columns of convex and concave tiles.An example of this is the "double Roman" tile, dating from the late 19th century in England and US. These result in a ridged pattern resembling a ploughed field. Pantiles – with an S-shaped profile, allowing adjacent tiles to interlock.Roman tiles – flat in the middle, with a concave curve at one end and a convex curve at the other, to allow interlocking.Imbrex and tegula – an ancient Roman pattern of curved and flat tiles that make rain channels on a roof. ![]() Some tiles are still manufactured in this traditional way. The colours were generated through the control of the kiln atmosphere to generate either red, brown or blue tiles depending on the degree of reduction in the kiln. They are specified generally for their aesthetic properties. These are double-lap tiles made originally from clay but more recently in concrete. Plain clay tiles – The size of the plain clay tile 10 + 1⁄ 2 by 6 + 1⁄ 2 inches (270 mm × 170 mm) was originally defined by statute in 1477 during the reign of Edward IV. ![]() Flat roof tiles are usually made of clay but also may be made of stone, wood, plastic, concrete, or solar cells. An example of this is the clay-made "beaver-tail" tile (German Biberschwanz ), common in Southern Germany.
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